Close window and return to site

References

Here is a list of references contained within the CancerQuest site:

Prevention : Phytochemicals

  • Medical Encyclopedia: Vitamin E. Medline Plus (6-21-2005). http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002406.htm
  • What Vitamins Should You Take? American Cancer Society (6-17-2005). | Web Site Link
  • Kavanaugh CJ, Trumbo PR, Ellwood KC. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's evidence-based review for qualified health claims: tomatoes, lycopene, and cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Jul 18;99(14):1074-85. Epub 2007 Jul 10. | PUBMED Entry
  • A. Jatoi, N. Ellison, P.A. Burch, J.A. Sloan, S.R. Dakhil, P. Sovotny, W. Tan, T.R. Fitch, K.M. Rowland, C.Y.F. Young and P.J. Flynn. A Phase II clinical trial of green tea in the treatment of patients with androgen independent metastatic prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 97 (2003), pp. 14421446. | PUBMED Entry
  • American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA Cancer J Clin. 2006 Sep-Oct;56(5):254-81; quiz 313-4. Erratum in: CA Cancer J Clin. 2007 Jan-Feb;57(1):66. NcTiernan, Anne [added]. Summary for patients in: CA Cancer J Clin. (2006) Sep-Oct;56(5):310-2. | PUBMED Entry
  • Anthonisen NR, Skeans MA, Wise RA, et al.: The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality: a randomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 142 (4): 233-9, 2005. | PUBMED Entry
  • Arber N, Eagle CJ, Spicak J, et al. Celecoxib for the prevention of colorectal adenomatous polyps. N Engl J Med (2006) 355: 885-95 | PUBMED Entry
  • Bagnardi V, Blangiardo M, La Vecchia C, et al.: Alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. Alcohol Res Health 25 (4): 263-70, 2001 | PUBMED Entry
  • Barnes PM, Powell-Griner E, Nahin RL. Complementary and alternative medicine use aming adults: United Staes, 2002. Vital Health Statistics. (May 27, 2004). 343. | PUBMED Entry
  • Baron JA, Cole BF, Sandler RS, et al. A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med (2003) 348: 891-9. | PUBMED Entry
  • Bergström A, Pisani P, Tenet V, et al.: Overweight as an avoidable cause of cancer in Europe. Int J Cancer 91 (3): 421-30, 2001. | PUBMED Entry
  • Bertagnolli MM, Eagle CJ, Zauber AG, et al. Celecoxib for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med (2006) 355: 873-84 | PUBMED Entry
  • Bertagnolli MM. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: two steps forward, one step back. Lancet Oncol. (2007) May;8(5):439-43. | PUBMED Entry
  • Bobe, G., Wang, B., Seeram, N. P., Nair, M. G., Bourquin, L. D., Dietary anthocyanin-rich tart cherry extract inhibits intestinal tumorigenesis in APC(Min) mice fed suboptimal levels of sulindac, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2006, 54, 9322 9328. | PUBMED Entry
  • Boffetta P, Pershagen G, Jöckel KH, et al.: Cigar and pipe smoking and lung cancer risk: a multicenter study from Europe. J Natl Cancer Inst 91 (8): 697-701, 1999 | PUBMED Entry
  • Borek C. Dietary antioxidants and human cancer. Integr Cancer Ther (2004). 3: 333-341. | PUBMED Entry
  • Borek C. Dietary antioxidants and human cancer. Integr Cancer Ther. (2004) 3: 333-341 | PUBMED Entry
  • Buiatti E, Palli D, Decarli A, et al.: A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in Italy: II. Association with nutrients. Int J Cancer 45 (5): 896-901, 1990. | PUBMED Entry
  • Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ. Overweight, obesity, and mortaily from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. (2003) 348: 1625-38 | PUBMED Entry
  • Campbell CL, Smyth S, Nontalescot G, Steinhubl SR. Aspirin dose for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. JAMA. (2007) 297(18): 2018-24 | PUBMED Entry
  • Chan AT, Ogino S, Fuchs CS. Aspirin and the risk of colorectal cancer in relation to the expression of COX-2. N Engl J Med. (2007) 356(21): 2131-42. | PUBMED Entry
  • Chan AT. Aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and colorectal neoplasia: future challenges in chemoprevention. Cancer Causes Control (2003) 14: 413-8 | PUBMED Entry
  • Chaudhuri D, Orsulic S, Ashok BT. Antiproliferative activity of sulforaphane in Akt-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. (2007) 6(1): 334-45. | PUBMED Entry
  • Chen, P. N., Chu, S. C., Chiou, H. L., Kuo, W. H. et al., Mulberry anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside, exhibited an inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of a human lung cancer cell line, Cancer Lett. 2006, 235, 248259. | PUBMED Entry
  • Clark LC, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. Nutritional prevention of cancer study group. JAMA (1996). 276: 1957-63 | PUBMED Entry
  • Couzin J. Drug Safety. FDA panel urges caution on many anti-inflammatory drugs. Science. (2005) 307(5713): 1183-5 | PUBMED Entry
  • Cuzick J, Forbes J, Edwards R, et al. First results from the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS-I): a randomized prevention trial. Lancet. (2002) 360:81724. | PUBMED Entry
  • Czene K, Lichtenstein P, Hemminki K. Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Int J Cancer 2002;99:260266 | PUBMED Entry
  • Dashwood RH, Ho E. Dietary histone deacetylase inhibitors: From cells to mice to man. Semin Cancer Biol. (2007) May 5 | PUBMED Entry
  • Dashwood RH, Jo E. Dietary histone deacetylase inhibitors: From cells to mice to man. Semin Cancer Biol. (2007) May 5 | PUBMED Entry
  • Day R, Ganz PA, Costantino JP, Cronin WM, Wickerham DL. Fisher B. Health-related quality of life and tamoxifen in breast cancer prevention: a report from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Clin Oncol (1999) 17: 265969 | PUBMED Entry
  • Dobrovolskaia MA, Kozlov SV. Inflammation and cancer: when NF-ºB amalgamates the perilous partnership. Current Cancer Drug Targets. (2005) 5:325-44 | PUBMED Entry
  • Duffield-Lillico AJ, Reid ME, Turnbull BW, et al. Baseline characteristics and the effect of selenium supplementation on cancer incidence in a randomized clinical trial: a summary report of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. (2002) 11:6309. | PUBMED Entry
  • E. Choan, R. Segal, D. Jonker, S. Malone, N. Reaume, L. Eapen and V. Gallant. A prospective trial of green tea for hormone refractory prostate cancer: an evaluation of the complementary/alternative therapy approach. Urologic Oncology. (2005) 23: 108113. | PUBMED Entry
  • Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, Appel S, Wilkey S, Van Rompay M, Kessler RC: Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997. JAMA 1998, 280:1569-1515. | PUBMED Entry
  • English DR, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, et al.: Case-control study of sun exposure and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Int J Cancer 77 (3): 347-53, 1998. | PUBMED Entry
  • Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al. Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl CancerInst (1998) 90: 1371-88 | PUBMED Entry
  • Fox JG, Wang TC. Inflammation, atrophy and gastric cancer. J Clin Invest. (2007) 117: 60-9 | PUBMED Entry
  • Friedenreich CM: Physical activity and cancer prevention: from observational to intervention research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10 (4): 287-301, 2001. | PUBMED Entry
  • Fuchs CS, Giovannucci EL, Colditz GA, et al.: Dietary fiber and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma in women. N Engl J Med 340 (3): 169-76, 1999 | PUBMED Entry
  • Gamet-Payraste L. Signaling pathways and intracellular targets of sulforaphane mediating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2006 Mar;6(2):135-45 | PUBMED Entry
  • Garcia-Closas R, et al. Dietary sources of vitamin C, vitamin E and specific carotenoids in Spain. British Journal of Nutrition. (2004) 91: 1005-1011. | PUBMED Entry
  • Greenwald P, Anderson D, Nelson SA, Taylor PR. Clinical trials of vitamin and mineral supplements for cancer prevention. Am J Clin Nutr. (2007) 85(1):314S-317S. | PUBMED Entry
  • Greenwald P, Anderson D, Nelson SA, Taylor PR. Clinical trials of vitamin and mineral supplements for cancer prevention. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jan;85(1):314S-317S. | PUBMED Entry
  • Higdon JV, Delage B, Williams DE, Dashwood RH. Cruciferous vegetables and human cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic basis. Pharmacol Res. (2007) 55(3): 224-36. | PUBMED Entry
  • Howe GR, Benito E, Castelleto R, et al.: Dietary intake of fiber and decreased risk of cancers of the colon and rectum: evidence from the combined analysis of 13 case-control studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 84 (24): 1887-96, 1992. | PUBMED Entry
  • Huang X, Chen S, Xu L, Liu Y, Deb DK, Platanias LC, Bergan RC. Genistein inhibits p38 map kinase activation, matrix metalloproteinase type 2, and cell invasion in human prostate epithelial cells. Cancer Research (2005). 65: 3470-3478 | PUBMED Entry
  • Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2001.
  • Jain MG, Rohan TE, Howe GR, et al.: A cohort study of nutritional factors and endometrial cancer. Eur J Epidemiol (2000) 16 (10): 899-905. | PUBMED Entry
  • Jakobisiak M, Lasek W, Golab J. Natural mechanisms protecting against cancer. Immunol Lett. (2003) 90:10322. | PUBMED Entry
  • Jin CY, Moon DO, Lee JD, Heo MS, Choi YH, Lee CM, Park YM, Kim GY. Sulforaphane sensitizes tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis through downregulation of ERK and Akt in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Carcinogenesis. (2007) 28(5):1058-66. | PUBMED Entry
  • Jolly CA. Diet manipulation and prevention of aging, cancer and autoimmune disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. (2005) 8: 382-387. | PUBMED Entry
  • Jordan VC . Tamoxifen: a most unlikely pioneering medicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov. (2003) 2: 205-13 | PUBMED Entry
  • Jordan VC. SERMs: meeting the promise of multifunctional medicines. J Natl Cancer Inst. (2007) 99(5): 350-6. | PUBMED Entry
  • Jordan, V. C., Allen, K. E. & Dix, C. J. Pharmacology of tamoxifen in laboratory animals. Cancer Treat. Rep. (1980) 64: 745-759. | PUBMED Entry
  • Jung YD, Kim MS, Shin BA, Chay KO, Ahn BW, Liu W, Bucana CD, Gallick GE, Ellis LM. EGCG, a major component of green tea, inhibits tumour growth by inhibiting VEGF induction in human colon carcinoma cells. British Journal of Cancer. (2001) 84(6):844-50 | PUBMED Entry
  • Kang, S. Y., Sreeram, N. P., Nair, M. G., Bourquin, L. D., Tart cherry anthocyanins inhibit tumor development in Apc(Min) mice and reduce proliferation of human colon cancer cells, Cancer Lett. 2003, 194, 1319. | PUBMED Entry
  • Kim GY, Kim JH, Ahn SC, Lee HJ, Moon DO, Lee CM, et al. Lycopene suppresses the lipopolysaccharide-induced phenotypic and functional maturation of murine dendritic cells through inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappaB. Immunology (2004)113(2):20311. | PUBMED Entry
  • Kirsh VA, Hayes RB, Mayne ST, et al. Supplemental and dietary vitamin E, beta-carotene, and vitamin C intakes and prostate cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst (2006) 98: 24554 | PUBMED Entry
  • Klein EA, Thompson IM, Lippman SM, et al. SELECT: the next prostate cancer prevention trial. Selenium and Vitamin E. Cancer Prevention Trial. J Urol. (2001) 166: 13115. | PUBMED Entry
  • Klein EA, Thompson IM. Update on chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol. (2004) 14(3):143-9. | PUBMED Entry
  • Klein EA. Chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Crit Rev Oncol hematol. (2005) 54: 1-10. | PUBMED Entry
  • Klein EA. Selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2004). 1031: 234-241. | PUBMED Entry
  • Koh HK: The end of the "tobacco and cancer" century. J Natl Cancer Inst 91 (8): 660-1, 1999. | PUBMED Entry
  • Lawrence H. Kushi, Tim Byers, Colleen Doyle, Elisa V. Bandera, Marji McCullough, Ted Gansler, Kimberly S. Andrews, Michael J. Thun and The American Cancer Society 2006 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. CA Cancer J Clin (2006) 56; 254-281 | PUBMED Entry
  • Littman AJ, Beresford SA, White E: The association of dietary fat and plant foods with endometrial cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 12 (8): 691-702, 2001 | PUBMED Entry
  • Liu, Z., Schwimer, J., Liu, D., Greenway, F. L. et al., Black raspberry extract and fractions contain angiogenesis inhibitors, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2005, 53, 39093915 | PUBMED Entry
  • Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S, Sheridan P, Pogue J, Arnold JM, Ross C, Arnold A, Sleight P, Probstfield J, Dagenais GR. HOPE and HOPE-TOO Trial investigators. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. (2005) 293: 1338-1347. | PUBMED Entry
  • MacDonald N. Cancer cachexia and targeting chronic inflammation: a unified approach to cancer treatment and palliative/supportive care. J Support Oncol. (2007) 5(4): 157-62 | PUBMED Entry
  • MacLennan AH, Wilson DH, Taylor AW: The escalating cost and prevalence of alternative medicine. Preventive Medicine 2002, 35:166-173. | PUBMED Entry
  • Markowitz SD. Aspirin and colon cancer--targeting prevention? N Engl J Med. (2007) 356(21): 2195-8. | PUBMED Entry
  • McCann SE, Freudenheim JL, Marshall JR, et al.: Diet in the epidemiology of endometrial cancer in western New York (United States). Cancer Causes Control 11 (10): 965-74, 2000. | PUBMED Entry
  • McCue P, Shetty K. Health benefits of soy isoflavonoids and strategies for enhancement: a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (2004). 44: 361-367 | PUBMED Entry
  • Mentor-Marcel R, Lamartiniere CA, Eltoum I-E, Greenberg NM, Elgavish A: Genistein in the diet reduces the incidence of poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma in transgenic mice (TRAMP). Cancer Research. (2001) 61: 6777-6782 | PUBMED Entry
  • Meydani M, Koga T, Ali S. Vitamin E deficiency. In: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SCIENCES. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester http://www.els.net/ [doi:10.1038/npg.els.0006101]
  • Michels KB, Edward Giovannucci, Joshipura KJ, et al.: Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst (2000) 92(21): 1740-52. | PUBMED Entry
  • Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, Riemersma RA, Appel LJ, Guallar E. Meta-analysis: high dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med. (2005) 142: 37-46 | PUBMED Entry
  • Morimoto LM, White E, Chen Z, et al.: Obesity, body size, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: the Women's Health Initiative (United States). Cancer Causes Control 13 (8): 741-51, 2002. | PUBMED Entry
  • Morimoto LM, White E, Chen Z, et al.: Obesity, body size, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: the Women's Health Initiative (United States). Cancer Causes Control 13 (8): 741-51, 2002. | PUBMED Entry
  • Morse DE, Pendrys DG, Katz RV, et al.: Food group intake and the risk of oral epithelial dysplasia in a United States population. Cancer Causes Control 11 (8): 713-20, 2000. | PUBMED Entry
  • Myzak MC, Dashwood WM, Orner GA, Ho E, Dashwood RH. Sulforaphane inhibits histone deacetylase in vivo and suppresses tumorigenesis in Apcmin mice. FASEB J (2006) 20: 5068 | PUBMED Entry
  • National Library of Medicine. (2007). ClinicalTrials.gov Retrieved June 6, 2007 from the National Institutes of Health Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/search?term=broccoli&submit=Search
  • Neuhouser ML, Patterson RE, Thornquist MD, et al.: Fruits and vegetables are associated with lower lung cancer risk only in the placebo arm of the beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial (CARET). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12 (4): 350-8, 2003. | PUBMED Entry
  • Obermuller-Jevic UC, Olano-Martin E, et al. Lycopene inhibits the growth of normal human prostate epithelial cells in vitro. J Nutr. (2003) 133: 33563360 | PUBMED Entry
  • Pappa G, Stratham J, Lowinger M, Bratsch H, Gerhauser C. Quantitative combination effects between sulforaphane and 3,3'-diindolylmethane on proliferation of human colon cancer cells in vitro. Carcinogenesis. (2007) Feb 28. | PUBMED Entry
  • Park OJ, Surh YJ. Chemopreventive potential of epigallocatechin gallate and genistein: evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies. Toxicology Letters (2004). 150: 43-56 | PUBMED Entry
  • Paul B, Hayes CS, Kim A, Athar M, Gilmour SK. Elevated polyamines lead to selective induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumorigensis by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in ODC/Ras transgenic mice. Carcinogenesis (2005). 26: 119-124. | PUBMED Entry
  • Pham NA, Jacobberger JW, Schimmer AD, Cao P, Gronda M, Hedley DW. "The dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane targets pathways of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative stress in human pancreatic cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficient mice." Mol.Cancer Ther. (2004) 3; 1239-1248. | PUBMED Entry
  • Pledgie-Tracie A, Sobolewski MD, Davidson NE. Sulforaphane induces cell type-specific apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther. (2007) 6(3): 1013-21 | PUBMED Entry
  • Poirier MC, Schild LJ. The genotoxicity of tamoxifen: extent and consequences. Mutagenesis. (2003) 18: 395399 | PUBMED Entry
  • Power KA, Thompson LU. Can the combination of flaxseed and its lignans with soy and its isoflavones reduce the growth stimulatory effect of soy and its isoflavones on established breast cancer? Mol Nutr Food Res. (2007) 51(7): 845-856. | PUBMED Entry
  • Preston DS, Stern RS: Nonmelanoma cancers of the skin. N Engl J Med 327 (23): 1649-62, 1992 | PUBMED Entry
  • Purdie DM, Green AC: Epidemiology of endometrial cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 15 (3): 341-54, 2001
  • Richardson H, Johnston D, Pater J, Goss P. The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group MAP.3 trial: an international breast cancer prevention trial. Curr Oncol. (2007) 14(3): 89-96 | PUBMED Entry
  • Rodrigo, K. A., Rawal, Y., Renner, R. J., Schwartz, S. J. et al., Suppression of the tumorigenic phenotype in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by an ethanol extract derived from freeze-dried black raspberries, Nutr. Cancer 2006, 54, 5868. | PUBMED Entry
  • Rose P, Huang Q, Ong CN, Whiteman M. Broccoli and watercress suppress matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and invasiveness of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol (2005). | PUBMED Entry
  • Sandler RS, Halabi S, Baron JA, et al. A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas in patients with previous colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med (2003) 348: 883-90. | PUBMED Entry
  • Schouten LJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA: Anthropometry, physical activity, and endometrial cancer risk: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 96 (21): 1635-8, 2004. | PUBMED Entry
  • Seo YR, Sweeny C, Smith ML. Selenomethionine induction of DNA repair response in human fibroblasts. Oncogene. 2002 May 23;21(23):3663-9 | PUBMED Entry
  • Singh SV, et al. Sulforaphane-induced cell death in human prostate cancer cells is initiated by reactive oxygen species. J Biol Chem. (2005). 280: 19911-24. | PUBMED Entry
  • Sitori CR, Arnold A, Johnson SK. Phytoestrogens: End of Tale? Ann Med. 2005; 37(6): 423-38 | PUBMED Entry
  • Sparber A, Wootton JC. Surveys of complementary and alternative medicine: Part II use of alternative and complementary cancer therapies." J Altern Complement Med (2001) 7(4): 371-7 | PUBMED Entry
  • Tang FY, nguyen N, Meydani M. Green tea catechins inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro through suppression of VE-cadherin phosphorylation and inactivation of Akt molecule. International Journal of Cancer (2003). 106: 871-878 | PUBMED Entry
  • Thompson LU, Boucher BA, Liu Z, Cotterchio M, Kreiger N. Phytoestrogen content of foods consumed in Canada, including isoflavones, lignans, and coumestan. Nutr Cancer. (2006) 54(2):184-201 | PUBMED Entry
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2007). List of Approved Oncology Drugs with Approved Indications. Retrieved June 6, 2007, from Center for Drug
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2007). List of Approved Oncology Drugs with Approved Indications. Retrieved June 6, 2007, from Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Web site: http://www.fda.gov/cder/cancer/druglistframe.htm
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2007). List of Approved Oncology Drugs with Approved Indications. Retrieved June 6, 2007, from Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Web site: http://www.fda.gov/cder/cancer/druglistframe.htm
  • US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves raloxifene to prevent osteoporosis. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dec 10, 1997. Web site: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/ANS00838.html
  • Vainio H, Weiderpass E. Fruit and Vegetables in Cancer Prevention. Nutrition and Cancer. (2006) 54(1):111-42 | PUBMED Entry
  • Victoria A. Kirsh, Richard B. Hayes, Susan T. Mayne, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Amy F. Subar, L. Beth Dixon, Demetrius Albanes, Gerald L. Andriole, Donald A. Urban, and Ulrike Peters. Supplemental and Dietary Vitamin E, -Carotene, and Vitamin C Intakes and Prostate Cancer Risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. (Feb 2006) 98: 245 - 254 | PUBMED Entry
  • Villarreal G, Zagorski J, Wahl Sm (January 29, 2003). Inflammation: Acute. In: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SCIENCES. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester http://www.els.net/ [doi:10.1038/npg.els.0006101]
  • Virtamo J, Pietinen P, Huttunen JK, et al for the ATBC Study Group. Incidence of cancer and mortality following alpha-tocopherol and betacarotene supplementation: a postintervention follow-up. JAMA. (2003) 290: 47685. | PUBMED Entry
  • Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al. Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomesthe NSABP study of tamoxifen and raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial. JAMA. (2006) 295: 272741. | PUBMED Entry
  • Wang J, Eltoum IE, Lamartiniere CA. Genistein chemoprevention of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice. J Carcinog. (2007) 6:3. | PUBMED Entry
  • Wang J, Eltoum IE, Lamartiniere CA: Dietary genistein suppresses chemically induced prostate cancer in Lobund-Wistar rats. Cancer Lett (2002) 186(1):11-18. | PUBMED Entry
  • Werneke U, earl J, Seydel C, Horn O, Crichton P, Fannon D. Potential health risks of complementary and alternative medicines in cancer patients. Br J Cancer. (2004) 90(2): 408-13 | PUBMED Entry
  • World Health Organization. Cancer Fact Sheet No. 297. February 2006. Accessed July 24, 2007. web site: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/index.html
  • Wozniak K, Kolacinska A, Blasinska-Morawiec M, Morawiec-Bajda A, Morawiec Z, Zadrozny M, Blasiak J. The DNA-damaging potential of tamoxifen in breast cancer and normal cells. Arch Toxicol. (2007) 81(7): 519-27 | PUBMED Entry
  • Zafra-Stone S, Yasmin T, Bagchi M, Chatterjee A, VinsonJA, and Bagchi D. Berry anthocyanins as novel antioxidants in human health and disease prevention. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. (2007) 51; 675  683 | PUBMED Entry
  • Zhu BH, Zhan WH, Li ZR, Wang Z, He YL, Peng JS, Cai SR, Ma JP, Zhang CH. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits growth of gastric cancer by reducing VEGF production and angiogenesis. World Journal of Gastroenterology. (2007) 13(8): 1162-9. | PUBMED Entry
  • de Visser KE, Eichten A, Coussens LM. Paradoxical roles of the immune system during cancer development. Nature Reviews. Cancer. (2006) 6: 24-37. | PUBMED Entry

Prevention : Antioxidants

  • 3. Irminger-Finger I. Science of cancer and aging. J Clin Oncol. 2007 May 10;25(14):1844-51 | PUBMED Entry
  • Halliwell, Barry. (May 3, 2005) Free radicals and other reactive species in disease. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester http://www.els.net/ [doi:10.1038/npg.els.0006101]
  • Missirlis F, Phillips JP, Jackle H: Cooperative action of antioxidant defense systems in Drosophila. Curr Biol. (2001) 11:1272-1277 | PUBMED Entry
  • Ramsey MR, Sharpless NE: ROS as a tumour suppressor? Nat Cell Biol. (2006) 8: 1213-1215 | PUBMED Entry
  • Yanase S, Yasuda K, Ishii N: Adaptive responses to oxidative damage in three mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans (age-1, mev-1 and daf-16) that affect life span. Mech Ageing Dev. (2002) 123:1579-1587 | PUBMED Entry

Vaccines : Introduction

  • "A status report on Human Papillomavirus Vaccines." Path.org. Accessed 3 August 2006 | Web Site Link
  • "Merck's investigational vaccine GARDASIL" prevented 100 percent of cervical pre-cancers and non-invasive cervical cancers associated with HPV types 16 and 18 in new clinical study." Merck website. Accessed 3 August 2006. | Web Site Link
  • "Treating Cancer with Vaccine Therapy." National Cancer Institute. | Web Site Link
  • Antoni Ribas, Lisa H. Butterfield, John A. Glapsy and James S. Economou. Current developments in cancer vaccines and cellular immunotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology. (2003) 21(12): 2415-2432. | PUBMED Entry
  • Charles Janeway, Paul Travers, Mark Walport and Mark Schlomchik. Immunobiology. (2004) 6th Edition. Garland Publishing, NY, NY
  • E. Biagi, R.F. Rousseau, E. Yvon, S. Vigouroux, G. Dotti and M.K. Brenner. Cancer vaccines: dream, reality, or nightmare? Clinical Experimental Medicine. (2002) 2:109-118. | PUBMED Entry
  • Faries MB and Morton DL. "Therapeutic vaccines for melanoma: current status." Biodrugs (2005). 19(4): 247-260.
  • Harper DM, et al. "Efficacy of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine in prevention of infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: a randomized controlled trial." The Lancet (2004) Nov 13; 364:1757-65.
  • Lowndes CM. "Vaccines for cervical cancer." Epidemiology and Infection. (2006) 134: 1-12. | PUBMED Entry
  • Marie Larsson, Jean Francois Fontenaeu and Nina Bhardwaj. "Dendritic cells resurrect antigens from dead cells." TRENDS in Immunology. (2001) 22(3): 141-148. | PUBMED Entry
  • Nina Bhardwaj. "Processing and presentation of antigens by dendritic cells: implications for vaccines." TRENDS in Molecular Medicine. (2001) 7(9): 288-394. | PUBMED Entry
  • Gavin P. Dunn, Allen T. Bruce, Hiroaki Ikeda, Lloyd Old and Robert D. Schreiber. Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape. Nature Immunology. (2002) 3 (11): 991-998. | PUBMED Entry
  • Madhav V. Dhodapkar and Nina Bhardwaj. "Active immunization of humans with dendritic cells." Journal of Clinical Immunology. (2000) 20(3): 167-174. | PUBMED Entry

Vaccines : Cervical Cancer

  • JS Smith, L Lindsay, B Hoots, et al. Human papillomavirus type distribution in invasive cervical cancer and high-grade cervical lesions: A meta-analysis update. International Journal of Cancer. 2007; 121: 621-632. | PUBMED Entry

The Building Blocks : Nucleic Acids

  • Kuszewski J,Schwieters C, Clore G.M. "Improving the accuracy of NMR structures of DNA by means of a database potential of mean force describing base-base positional interactions." Journal of the American Chemical Society (2001) 123:3903 | PUBMED Entry

Detection : Breast Cancer

  • Lewin JM, D'Orsi CJ, Hendrick PE. 2004. Radiologic clinics of North America 42(5) 871-874 | PUBMED Entry
  • Niklasan LT, Christian BT, Niklason LE, Kopans DB, Castleberry DE, Opsahl-Ong BH, Landberg CE, Slanetz PJ, Giardino AA, Moore R, Albagli D, DeJule MC, Fitzgerald PF, Fobare DF, Giambattista BW, Kwasnick RF, Liu J, Lubowski SJ, Possin GE, Richotte JF, Wei C-Y, Wirth RF. 1997. Radiology 205(2);399-406 | PUBMED Entry
  • Smith AP, Hall PA, Marcello DM. Emerging technologies in breast cancer detection. 2004. Radiologic Management 26(4):16-24 | PUBMED Entry

Videos & Animations : Cancer Detection Techniques

  • Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. Atlanta, Georgia: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease COntrol and Prevention. 2006. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta GA File is available on the site given. Assessed June 29, 2007 | Web Site Link
  • Cancer Facts and Figures 2007. American Cancer Society Atlanta, GA 2007 | Web Site Link

Treatments : Treatments

  • CollaGenex Pharmaceuticals. Accessed 1/30/06. | Web Site Link
  • Dingli D, Timm M, Russell SJ, Witzig TE, Rajkumar SV. 0" Promising preclinical activity of 2-methoxyestradiol in multiple myeloma." Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Dec;8(12):3948-54. | Web Site Link
  • Drake MJ, Robson W, Mehta P, Schofield I, Neal DE, Leung HY. "An open-label phase II study of low-dose thalidomide in androgen-independent prostate cancer." Br J Cancer. 2003 Mar 24;88(6):822-7. | Web Site Link
  • Fernando NH, Hurwitz HI. "Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor in the treatment of colorectal cancer." Semin Oncol. 2003 Jun;30(3 Suppl 6):39-50. Review. | Web Site Link
  • Gingras D, Boivin D, Deckers C, Gendron S, Barthomeuf C, Beliveau R. "Neovastat-a novel antiangiogenic drug for cancer therapy." Anticancer Drugs. 2003 Feb;14(2):91-6. | Web Site Link
  • Gorski DH, Mauceri HJ, Salloum RM, Halpern A, Seetharam S, Weichselbaum RR. "Prolonged treatment with angiostatin reduces metastatic burden during radiation therapy." Cancer Res. 2003 Jan 15;63(2):308-11. | Web Site Link
  • Herbst RS, Hess KR, Tran HT, Tseng JE, Mullani NA, Charnsangavej C, Madden T, Davis DW, McConkey DJ, O'Reilly MS, Ellis LM, Pluda J, Hong WK, Abbruzzese JL. "Phase I study of recombinant human endostatin in patients with advanced solid tumors." J Clin Oncol. 2002 Sep 15;20(18):3792-803. | Web Site Link
  • Kim SJ, Uehara H, Yazici S, Busby JE, Nakamura R, He Junqin, Maya M, Logothetis C, Mathew P, Wang X, Do KA, Fan D, Fidler IJ. "Targeting Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor on Endothelial Cells of Multidrug-Resistant Prostate Cancer." J Natl Cancer Inst (2006); 98(11):783-93 | PUBMED Entry | Web Site Link
  • Kioi, Mitomu, et. al. "Analysis of Antitumor Activity of an Interleukin-13 (IL-13) Receptor-Targeted Cytotoxin Composed of IL-13 Antagonist and Pseudomonas Exotoxin." Clinical Cancer Research Vol. 10, 6231-6238, September 15, 2004. | PUBMED Entry
  • Linden, O. "Remission of a refractory, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma after treatment with daclizumab." New England Journal of Medicine. 351(14):1466-7. 2004. | PUBMED Entry
  • National Institutes of Health. "Clinical Trials: "IL13-PE38QQR". Online. Available. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00089427;jsessionid=6C240703F5DCE3CC2E76D526B1F187B8?order=2. Oct. 21, 2004. | Web Site Link
  • Rainov, N. and V. Heidecke. "Long term survival in a patient with recurrent malignant glioma treated with intratumoral infusion of an IL4-targeted toxin (NBI-3001)." Journal of Neuro-oncology. 66:197-201, 2004. | PUBMED Entry
  • Rajkumar SV, Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A, Fonseca R, Geyer SM, Iturria N, Kumar S, Lust JA, Kyle RA, Greipp PR, Witzig TE. "Thalidomide as initial therapy for early-stage myeloma." Leukemia. 2003 Apr;17(4):775-9. | Web Site Link
  • Roychowdhury D, Lahn M. "Antisense therapy directed to protein kinase C-alpha (Affinitak, LY900003/ISIS 3521): potential role in breast cancer." Semin Oncol. 2003 Apr; 30 (2 Suppl 3): 30-3. | PUBMED Entry
  • Ryschich E, Werner J, Gebhard MM, Klar E, Schmidt J. "Angiogenesis inhibition with TNP-470, 2-methoxyestradiol, and paclitaxel in experimental pancreatic carcinoma." Pancreas. 2003 Mar;26(2):166-72. | Web Site Link
  • Sally J. DeNardo, Gerald L. DeNardo, Arutselvan Natarajan, Laird A. Miers, Allan R. Foreman, Cordula Gruettner, Grete N. Adamson, and Robert Ivkov. "Thermal Dosimetry Predictive of Efficacy of 111In-ChL6 Nanoparticle AMFInduced Thermoablative Therapy for Human Breast Cancer in Mice." Journal Nuclear Medicine 2007 48: 437-444. | PUBMED Entry
  • Seftor RE, Seftor EA, Kirschmann DA, Hendrix MJ. "Targeting the tumor microenvironment with chemically modified tetracyclines: inhibition of laminin 5 gamma2 chain promigratory fragments and vasculogenic mimicry." Mol Cancer Ther. 2002 Nov;1(13):1173-9. | Web Site Link
  • Sirna Therapeutics. "Specialty Programs: Angiozyme." Online. Available. http://www.sirna.com/rnai/specialty.html. Oct. 21, 2004 | Web Site Link
  • Thomas JP, Arzoomanian RZ, Alberti D, Marnocha R, Lee F, Friedl A, Tutsch K, Dresen A, Geiger P, Pluda J, Fogler W, Schiller JH, Wilding G. "Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of recombinant human endostatin in patients with advanced solid tumors." J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan 15;21(2):223-31. | Web Site Link
  • Twombly R. "First clinical trials of endostatin yield lukewarm results." J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Oct 16;94(20):1520-1. | Web Site Link
  • Vredenburgh JJ, Desjardins A, Herndon JEII, Dowell JM, Reardon DA, Quinn JA, Rich JN, Sathornsumetee S, Gururangan S, Wagner M, Bigner DB, Friedman AH, Friedman HS. "Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab and Irinotecan in Recurrent Malignant Glioma." Clin Cancer Res (2007); 13(4):1253-9. | PUBMED Entry
  • Weng DE, Usman N. "Angiozyme: a novel angiogenesis inhibitor." Curr Oncol Rep. 2001 Mar;3(2):141-6. | Web Site Link

History of Cancer : Timeline of Cancer

  • Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed 13-17 June. 2005 | Web Site Link
  • Fidler, I.J. et al. "The Seed and Soil Hypothesis: Vascularization and Brain Metastasis." The Lancet Oncology. 3 (2002): 53-57. | PUBMED Entry
  • Friend, Stephen H., et al. "A Human DNA Segment with Properties of the Gene that Predisposes to Retinoblastoma and Osteosarcoma." Nature. 323 (1986): 643-646. | PUBMED Entry
  • Goodman, Louis S., et al. "Landmark Perspective: Nitrogen Mustard Therapy." JAMA. 251 (1984): 2255-2261. | PUBMED Entry
  • Gurunluoglu, R., and Gurunluoglu, A. "Paul of Aegina: Landmark in Surgical Progress." World Journal of Surgery. 27 (2003): 18-25. | PUBMED Entry
  • Hahn W.C., et al. "Creation of Tumor Cells With Defined Genetic Elements." Nature. 400 (1999): 464-468. | PUBMED Entry
  • Knudson, Alfred G. "Mutation and Cancer: Statistical Study of Retinoblastoma." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 68 (1971): 820-823. | PUBMED Entry
  • Machtens, S., et al. "The History of Endocrine Therapy of Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate." World Journal of Urology. 18 (2000): 222-226. | PUBMED Entry
  • Marx, Jean L. "Cancer Gene Research Wins Medicine Nobel." Science. 246 (1989):326-327. | PUBMED Entry
  • Morton, Leslie T., and Moore, Robert J. A Chronology of Medicine and Related Sciences. Aldershot, England: Scholar Press, 1997
  • Pantel, K., Cote, R.J., and Fodsyad, O. "Detection and Clinical Importance of Micrometastatic Disease."Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 91 (1999): 1113-1124. | PUBMED Entry
  • Raju, Tonce N. K. "The Nobel Chronicles." The Lancet. 352 (1998): 1635. | PUBMED Entry
  • Raju, Tonce N. K. "The Nobel Chronicles." The Lancet. 354 (1999): 520. | PUBMED Entry
  • Rosner, Fred. The Medical Legacy of Moses Maimonides. Hoboken, NJ: KTAV Publishing House Inc., 1998
  • Schena, Mark, et al. "Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns with a Complementary DNA Microarray." Science. 270 (1995): 467-470. | PUBMED Entry
  • Temin, Howard M. "The DNA Provirus Hypothesis." Science. 192 (1976): 1075 1080.
  • The American Cancer Society Inc., "The History of Cancer." 25 Mar. 2002. 13-17 June. 2005 | Web Site Link
  • Udwadia, Farokh Erach. Man and Medicine: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • Wulfkuhle, Julia, et al. "Genomic and Proteomic Technologies for Individualization and Improvement of Cancer Treatment." European Journal of Cancer. 40 (2004): 2623-2632. | PUBMED Entry

History of Cancer : Cancer Detection

  • Chin KV, Alabanza L, Fujii K, Kudoh K, Kita T, Kikuchi Y, Selvanayagam ZE, Wong YF, Lin Y and WC Shih, "Application of expression genomics for predicting treatment response to cancer." Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 2005 Nov; 1058:186-195 | PUBMED Entry
  • Schena, Mark, et al. "Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns with a Complementary DNA Microarray." Science. 270 (1995): 467-470. | PUBMED Entry
  • Schnall, M. and M. Rosen, Primer on imaging technologies for cancer. 2006 Jul 10;24(20):3225-33 | PUBMED Entry

Genetic Change : Types of Genetic Change

  • Nowell PC, Hungerford DA. "Chromosome studies on normal and leukemic human leukocytes." J Natl Cancer Inst (1960). 25: 85-100.
  • Rowley JD. "A new consistent chromosomal abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukemia identified by quinacrine fluorescence and Giemsa staining." Nature (1973). 243: 290-293. | PUBMED Entry
  • Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA, Holt JA, Wong SG, Keith DE, Levin WJ, Stuart SG, Udove J, Ullrich A, Press MF. "Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogenein human breast and ovarian cancer." Science (1989). 244: 707-712. | PUBMED Entry

Genetic Change : Mutation and Cancer

  • Surveillance, Epidemioloy, and End Results (SEER) represented by National Cancer Institute | Web Site Link

The Genes of Cancer : Tumor Suppressors

  • "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology." (2002) | Web Site Link
  • Rb Group:
    John Gardner
    Ray Higginbotham
    Amanda Priest
    Aristides Sastre
    Ben Trapp
  • p53 Group:
    Ron Halpern
    John Humble
    Josh Logan
    Manish Patel
    Amit Raghavan
  • Benz C, Liu ET. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in human malignancies. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Boston, 1993.
  • Bernstein C, Bernstein H, Payne CM, Garewal H. "DNA repair/pro-apoptotic dual-role proteins in five major DNA repair pathways: fail-safe protection against carcinogenesis." Mutat Res (2002). 511(2): 145-78. | PUBMED Entry
  • Betram JS. "The molecular biology of cancer." Molecular Aspects of Medicine (2001). 21(6): 167-223. | PUBMED Entry
  • Biderer C, Ries S, Brandts C, McCormick F. "Replication selective viruses for cancer therapy." J Mol Med (2002). 80:163-175. | PUBMED Entry
  • Chang J, Elledge RM. "Clinical Management of Women with Genomic BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 Mutations." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment (2001). 69: 101-113. | PUBMED Entry
  • Chiao PJ, Hunt KK, Grau AM, Abramian A, Fleming J, Zhang W, Breslin T, Abbruzzese JL, Evans DB. "Tumor suppressor gene Smad4/DPC4, its downstream target genes, and regulation of cell cycle." Ann N Y Acad Sci (1999). 880: 31-7. | PUBMED Entry
  • Cooper G. Oncogenes. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1995. 151-152, 175-176.
  • Dameron KM, Volpert OV, Tainsky MA, Bouck N. "Control of angiogenesis in fibroblasts by p53 regulation of angiogenesis of thrombospondin-1." Science (1994). 265: 1582-1584. | PUBMED Entry
  • De Potter P. "Current treatment of retinoblastoma." Curr Opin Ophthalmol (2002). 13(5): 331-6. | PUBMED Entry
  • DePhino R. "Transcriptional repression: the cancer-chromatin connection." Nature (1998). 391(6667): 533-536. | PUBMED Entry
  • Donehower LA, Godley LA, Aldaz CM, Pyle R, Shi YP, Pinkel D, Gray D, Bradley A, Medina D, Varmus HE. "Deficiency of p53 accelerates mammary tumorigenesis in Wnt-1 transgenic mice and promotes chromosomal instability." Genes Dev (1995). 9: 882-895. | PUBMED Entry
  • Fearon E. "Tumor supressor genes." In The Genetic Basis of Cancer. Edited by Vogelstein and Kinzler. McGraw Hill, 1998. 229-235.
  • Ferenczy A, Franco E. "Persistent human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia." Lancet Oncol (Jan 2002). 3(1): 11-6. | PUBMED Entry
  • Fighting Cancer with Biotechnology. | Web Site Link
  • Fultz KE, Gerner EW. "APC-Dependent Regulation of Ornithine Decarboxylase in Human Colon Tumor Cells." Molecular Carcinogenesis (2002). 34:10-18. | PUBMED Entry
  • Gallo A, Cuozzo C, Esposito I, Maggiolini M, Bonofiglio D, Vivacqua A, Garramone M, Weiss C, Bohmann D, Musti AM. "Menin uncouples Elk-1, JunD and c-Jun phosphorylation from MAP kinase activation." Oncogene (2002). 21(42): 6434-45. | PUBMED Entry
  • Georger B, Grill J, Opolon P, Morizet J, Aubert G, Terrier-Lacombe M, Bressac de Paillerets B, Barrois M, Fuenteun J, Kirn D, Vassal G. "Oncolytic activity of the E1B-55 kDa-deleted adenovirus ONYX-015 is independent of cellular p53 status in human malignant glioma xenografts." Cancer Research (2002). 62: 764-772. | PUBMED Entry
  • Geradts J, Ingram CD. "Abnormal expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in ductal and lobular carcinomas of the breast." Modern Pathology (2000). 13(9): 945-953. | PUBMED Entry
  • Hanavar S, Shields S, Shields J, Demicri H, Naduvilath T. "Intraocular surgery after treatment of retinoblastoma." Arch Ophthalmology (2001). 119: 1613-1621. | PUBMED Entry
  • Hashemi J, Lindstrom MS, Asker C, Platz A, Hansson J, Wiman KG. "A melanoma-predisposing germline CDKN2A mutation with functional significance for both p16 and p14ARF." Cancer Lett (2002). 180(2): 211-21. | PUBMED Entry
  • Herwig S, Struss M. "The retinoblastoma protein: a master regulator of cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis." Eur J Biochem (1997). 246: 581-601. | PUBMED Entry
  • Introgen | Web Site Link
  • Iwamoto M, Ahnen DJ, Maltzman F, Maltzman T. "Expression of beta-catenin and Full Length APC Protein in Normal and Neoplastic Colonic Tissues." Carcinogenesis (2000). 21(11): 1935-1940. | PUBMED Entry
  • Kaelin WG Jr. "Molecular basis of the VHL hereditary cancer syndrome." Nat Rev Cancer (2002). 2(9):673-82. | PUBMED Entry
  • Kaiser P, Murray T, O'Brien J, Scott I. "Retinoblastoma." (April 2002). | Web Site Link
  • Lane DP, et al. "Regulation of p53 stability. The role pf Mdm2 and nuclear export." CRC Laboratories. University of Dundee. (2002). | Web Site Link
  • Lee J, Russo A, Pavletich N. "Structure of the retinoblastoma tumour-supressor pocket domain bound to a peptide from HPV E7." Nature (19980. 391(6670): 859-865. | PUBMED Entry
  • Levine AJ. "p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division." Cell (1997). 88: 323-331. | PUBMED Entry
  • Magnaghi-Jaulin L, Groisman R, Naguibneva I, Lorrain S, LeVillain JP, Troalen F, Trouche D, Harel-Bellan A. "Retinoblastoma protein represses transcription by recruiting a histone deacetylase." Nature (1998). 391(6667): 601-605. | PUBMED Entry
  • Martin ACR, Facchiano AM, Cuff AL, Hernandez-Boussard T, Olivier M, Hainaut P, Thornton JM. "Integrating Mutation Data and Structural Analysis of the TP53 Tumor-Suppressor Protein." Human Mutation (2002). 19:149-164. | PUBMED Entry
  • Morin PJ, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. "Apoptosis and APC in Colorectal Tumorigenesis." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1996). 93: 7950-7954. | PUBMED Entry
  • Narod SA, Boyd J. "Current Understanding of Epidemiology and Clinical Implications of BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 Mutations for Ovarian Cancer." Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology (2002). 14: 19-26. | PUBMED Entry
  • Nita ME, Alves VAF, Carrilho FJ, et al. ""Molecular apsects of hepatic carcinogenesis." Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, (Jan./Feb. 2002). 44(1):39-48. | PUBMED Entry
  • Onyx Pharmaceuticals | Web Site Link
  • Polyak K, Xia Y, Zweier J, Zinzler K, Vogelstein B. "A model of p53-induced apoptosis." Nature (1997). 389: 300-305. | PUBMED Entry
  • Ramel S, Sanchez CA, Schimke K, Neshat K, Cross SM, Raskind WH, Reid BJ. "Inactivation of p53 and the development of tetraploidy in the elastase-SV40 T antigen transgenic mouse pancreas." Pancreas (1995). 11: 213-222. | PUBMED Entry
  • Ries S, Korn WM. "ONYX-015: mechanisms of action and clinical potential of a replication-selective adenovirus." British Journal of Cancer (2002). 86: 5-11. | PUBMED Entry
  • STAR study information from Cancer.gov at the National Institutes of Health. October 2002 | Web Site Link
  • Sarasin A. "The molecular pathways of ultraviolet-induced carcinogenesis." Mutat Res (July 16, 1999). 428(1-2): 5-10. | PUBMED Entry
  • Shenqi W, Yaoting Y, Tao C, Yan C. "Cellulose amphiphilic adsorbent for the removal of low density lipoprotein." Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol (2002). 30(4): 285-92. | PUBMED Entry
  • Sherr C, McCormick F. "The RB and p53 pathways in cancer." Cancer Cell (2002). 2(2): 103-112. | PUBMED Entry
  • Shuker D. "The enemy at the gates? DNA adducts as biomarkers of exposure to exogenous and endogenous genotoxic agents." Toxicology Letters (2002). 134(1-3): 51. | PUBMED Entry
  • Singh P, Chan SW, Hong W. "Retinoblastoma protein is functionally distinct from its homologues in affecting glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transcription and apoptosis." Journal of Biological Chemistry (2001). 276: 13762-13770. | PUBMED Entry
  • Somia N, Verma IM. "Gene therapy: trials and tribulations." Nature Reviews: Genetics (November 2000). 1(2): 91-99. | PUBMED Entry
  • Soussi T, Beroud C. Assessing TP53 Status in Human Tumours to Evaluate Clinical Outcome. National Reviews Cancer (December 1, 2001). 3:233-240. | PUBMED Entry
  • Soussi T. "The p53 tumor suppresor gene: from molecular biology to clinical investigation." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (June 2000). 910: 121-139. | PUBMED Entry
  • Takahashi R, Hashimoto T, Xu H, Hu S, Matsui T. "The retinoblastoma gene functions as a growth tumor supressor in human bladder carcinoma cells." Proc Natl Acad Sci (1991). 88: 5257-5261. | PUBMED Entry
  • Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. "Achilles' heel of cancer?" Nature (2001). 412(6850): 865-866. | PUBMED Entry
  • Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer. McGraw-Hill: 1998.
  • Weinberg, RA. "Finding the Anti-Oncogene." Scientific American (1988). 259(3): 44-51. | PUBMED Entry
  • Welcsh PL, King MC. "BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 and the Genetics of Breast and Ovarian Cancer." Human Molecular Genetics (2001). 10(7): 705-713. | PUBMED Entry | Web Site Link
  • Zambetti M. "Mdm-2: 'big brother' of p53." J Cell Biochem (1997). 64(3): 343-352. | PUBMED Entry
  • Zini N, Trimarchi C, Claudio P, Stiegler P, Marinelli F, Maltarello M, La Sala D, De Falco G, Russo G, Ammirati G, Maraldi N, Giordano A, Cinti C. "pRb2/p130 and p107 control cell growth by multiple strategies and in association with different compartments within the nucleus." Journal of Cellular Physiology (2001). 189: 34-44. | PUBMED Entry
  • de Caestecker MP, Piek E, Roberts AB. "Role of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in cancer." J Natl Cancer Inst (2000). 92(17): 1388-402. | PUBMED Entry

The Genes of Cancer : Oncogenes

  • Ahmadian MR. "Prospects for Anti-ras Drugs." British Journal of Haematology (2002). 116(3-I): 511-518. | PUBMED Entry
  • Backman S, Stambolic V, Mak T. "PTEN function in mammalian cell size regulation." Curr Opin Neurobiol (2002). 12(5): 516. | PUBMED Entry
  • Cerione RA, Zheng Y. "The Dbl family of oncogenes." Curr Opin Cell Biol (1996). 8(2): 216-22. | PUBMED Entry
  • Fernandez Y, Gu B, Martinez A, Torregrosa A, Sierra A. "Inhibition of Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells: Role in Tumor Progression to the Metastatic State." Int. J. Cancer (2002). 101: 317-326. | PUBMED Entry
  • Gorgoulis VG, Zacharatos P, Mariatos G, Liloglou T, Kokotas S, Kastrinakis N, Kotsinas A, Athanasiou A, Foukas P, Zoumpourlis V, Kletsas D, Ikonomopoulos J, Asimacopoulos PJ, Kittas C, Field JK. "Deregulated expression of c-mos in non-small cell lung carcinomas: relationship with p53 status, genomic instability, and tumor kinetics." Cancer Res (2001). 61(2): 538-49. | PUBMED Entry
  • Konecny G, Fritz M, Untch M, Lebeau A, Felber M, Lude S, Beryt M, Hepp H, Slamon D, Pegram M. "Her-2/neu Overexpression and in vitro Chemosensitivity to CMF and FEC in Primary Breast Cancer." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment (2001). 69: 53-63. | PUBMED Entry
  • Olson MF, Sterpetti P, Nagata K, Toksoz D, Hall A. "Distinct roles for DH and PH domains in the Lbc oncogene." Oncogene (1997). 15(23): 2827-31. | PUBMED Entry
  • Ruddon RW. Cancer Biology. Oxford University Press: New York, 1995.
  • Spizzo G, Obrist P, Ensinger C, Theurl I, Dunser M, Ramoni A, Gunsilius E, Eibl G, Mikuz G, Gastl G. "Prognostic Significance of Ep-CAM and Her-2/neu Overexpression in Invasive Breast Cancer." Int. J. Cancer (2002). 98: 883-888. | PUBMED Entry
  • Strasser A, Huang DC, Vaux DL. "The role of the bcl-2/ced-9 gene family in cancer and general implications of defects in cell death control for tumourigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy." Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Oct 24;1333(2):F151-78. | PUBMED Entry
  • Tsuda H, Akiyama F, Terasaki H, Hasegawa T, Kurosumi M, Shimadzu M, Yamamori S, Sakamoto G. "Detection of Her-2/neu (c-erb B-2) DNA Amplification in Primary Breast Carcinoma." Cancer (2001). 92(12): 2965-2974. | PUBMED Entry

Tumor Biology : Hallmarks of Cancer

  • Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. "The hallmarks of cancer." Cell (2000) 100: 57-70 | PUBMED Entry
  • Hengartner MO. "The biochemistry of apoptosis." Nature. 2000 Oct 12;407(6805):770-6. | PUBMED Entry

Tumor Biology : Angiogenesis and Metastasis

  • Good DJ, Polverini PJ, Rastinejad F, Le Beau MM, Lemons RS, Frazier WA, Bouck NP."A tumor suppressor-dependent inhibitor of angiogenesis is immunologically and functionally indistinguishable from a fragment of thrombospondin." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (1990)87:6624-8 | PUBMED Entry
  • O'Reilly MS, Boehm T, Shing Y, Fukai N, Vasios G, Lane WS, Flynn E, Birkhead JR, Olsen BR, Folkman J. "Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth." Cell (1997) 88:277-85 | PUBMED Entry

Diagnosis & Detection : Introduction

  • Huda W, Slone R. Review of Radiologic Physics. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, 1995.

Diagnosis & Detection : Breast

  • "Mammography and Other Breast Imaging Procedures." American Cancer Society (6-19-2002). | Web Site Link
  • A Lucci, Jr., PR Kelemen, C Miller III, L Chardkoff, L Wilson. National practice patterns of sentinel lymph node dissection for breast carcinoma. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2001; 192: 453-458. | PUBMED Entry
  • Blamey RW, Wilson ARM, Patnick J. "Screening for Breast Cancer." British Medical Journal (September 2000). 321(7262): 689-693. | PUBMED Entry
  • DG Hicks, RR Tubbs. Assessment of the HER2 status in breast cancer by fluorescence in situ hybridization: a technical review with interpretive guidelines. Human Pathology. 2005; 36:250-261. | PUBMED Entry
  • Dako Pathology. HercepTest&trade Interpretation Manual. 2006. | Web Site Link
  • Elmore JG et al. "Screening for Breast Cancer." JAMA (2005). 293: 1245-1256 | PUBMED Entry
  • G. PEROS and G.H. SAKORAFAS. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer: what a physician should know, a decade after its introduction in clinical practice. European Journal of Cancer. 2007; 16: 318-321. | PUBMED Entry
  • Gordon PB. Ultrasound for breast cancer screening and staging. Radiol Clin N Am. 2002;40:431-441 | PUBMED Entry
  • Irwig L, Houssami N, van Vliet C. New technologies in screening for breast cancer: a systematic review of their accuracy. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:2118-2122 | PUBMED Entry
  • JM Harvey, GM Clark, CK Osborne, and DC Allred. Estrogen Receptor Status by Immunohistochemistry Is Superior to the Ligand-Binding Assay for Predicting Response to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999; 17:1474-1481. | PUBMED Entry
  • KK Swenson, MJ Nissen, C Ceronsky, et al. Comparison of side effects between sentinel lymph node and axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer. Annals of Surgical Oncology. 2002; 9(8): 745-753. | PUBMED Entry
  • M Bilous, M Dowsett, et al. Current Perspectives on HER2 Testing: A Review of National Testing Guidelines. Modern Pathology. 2003; 16(2):173-182. | PUBMED Entry
  • MC Kelley, N Hanson, KM McMasters. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphandectomy for breast cancer. The American Journal of Surgery. 2004; 188: 49-61. | PUBMED Entry
  • Mettler FA, Upton AC, Kelsey CA, Ashby RN, Rosenburg RD, Linver MN. "Benefits Versus Risks from Mammography: A Critical Reassessment." Cancer (1996). 77(5): 903-909. | PUBMED Entry
  • SL Wong, MJ Edwards, C Chao, et al. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer: Impact of the Number of Sentinel Nodes Removed on the False-Negative Rate. American College of Surgeons. 2001; 192: 684-691. | PUBMED Entry
  • Screening for Breast Cancer. Recommendations and Rationale. August 2002. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. | Web Site Link
  • VM Cimmino, AC Brown, JF Szocik, et al. Allergic reactions to isosulfan blue during sentinel node biopsy-a common event. Surgery. 2001; 130: 439-442. | PUBMED Entry
  • Whitman GJ. "The Role of Mammography in Breast Cancer Prevention." Current Opinion in Oncology (1999). 11(5): 414. | PUBMED Entry
  • Z Theodosiou, IN Kasampalidis, G Livanos, M Zervakis, I Pitas, K Lyroudia. Automated analysis of FISH and immunohistochemistry images: a review. Cytometry Part A. 2007. 71;7:439-50. | PUBMED Entry

Diagnosis & Detection : Colorectal

  • "Colonoscopy." Mayo Clinic | Web Site Link
  • "Colonoscopy." Three Rivers Endoscopy Center | Web Site Link
  • "Virtual Colonoscopy." The Center for Virtual Colonoscopy at Boston Medical Center. | Web Site Link
  • "Virtual Endoscopy." Radiology Regional Center. | Web Site Link
  • A Smith, GP Young, SR Cole, P Bampton. Comparison of a Brush-Sampling Fecal Immunochemical Test for Hemoglobin With a Sensitive Guaiac-Based Fecal Occult Blood Test in Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia. Cancer. 2006;107:21529. | PUBMED Entry
  • Colorectal Cancer Screening Advances. Cancer Research Foundation of America. (2002). | Web Site Link
  • Colorectal Screening Methods. Cancer Research Foundation of America (2002). | Web Site Link
  • Fenlon, HM and Ferrucci, JT. "Virtual Colonoscopy: What Will the Issues Be?." American Journal of Roentegenology. 1997 Aug;169(2):453-8. | PUBMED Entry
  • Guittet L et al. Comparison of a guaiac based and an immunochemical faecal occult blood test in screening for colorectal cancer in a general average risk population. Gut 2007 Feb; 56:210-4. | PUBMED Entry
  • JD Waye. "Colonoscopy". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 1992;42(6):350-65. | PUBMED Entry
  • Lemon S, Zapka J, Puleo E, Luckmann R, Chasen-Taber L. "Colorectal Cancer Screening Participation: Comparisons with Mammography and Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening." American Journal of Public Health (2001). 91(8): 1264-1272. | PUBMED Entry
  • Levin B, Lieberman DA, McFarland B, Smith RA, et al. "Screening and Surveillance for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Adenomatous Polyps, 2008: A Joint Guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology". CA Cancer J Clin 2008. E-pub ahead of print as of: March 13 2008. | PUBMED Entry
  • Pickhardt PJ, et al. "Computed Tomographic Virtual Colonoscopy to Screen for Colorectal Neoplasia in Asymptomatic Adults." N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 4;349(23):2191-200. Epub 2003 Dec 1. | PUBMED Entry

Diagnosis & Detection : Prostate

Diagnosis & Detection : Ovarian/Cervical/Uterine

  • "CA-125." Web MD. | Web Site Link
  • "Pap Test." American Cancer Society (8-15-2002) | Web Site Link
  • Cohen LS, Escobar PF, Scharm C, Glimco B, Fishman DA. "Three- Dimensional Power Doppler Ultrasound Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy for Ovaian Cancer Prediction." Gynelogical Oncology (2001). 82:40-48. | PUBMED Entry
  • Eyes on the Prize | Web Site Link
  • Hensley ML, Castiel M, Robson ME. "Screening for Ovarian Cancer: What We Know, What We Need to Know." Oncology (Huntington) (2000). 11:1601-1607. | PUBMED Entry

Diagnosis & Detection : Cancer Staging

  • American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997.
  • The American Cancer Society | Web Site Link

Diagnosis & Detection : Pathology Report

Diagnosis & Detection : Genomics/Proteomics

  • Agrawal D, Chen T, Irby R, Quackenbush J, Chambers AF, Szabo M, Cantor A, Coppola D, Yeatman TJ. "Osteopontin identified as lead marker of colon cancer progression, using pooled sample expression profiling." J Natl Cancer Inst (2002). 94(7): 513-21. | PUBMED Entry
  • ALL Cancer Cell (2002). 133-143
  • Petricoin EF, Ardekani AM, Hitt BA, Levine PJ, Fusaro VA, Steinberg SM, Mills GB, Simone C, Fishman DA, Kohn EC, Liotta LA. "Use of proteomic patterns in serum to identify ovarian cancer." The Lancet. (2002) 359:572-577. | PUBMED Entry
  • Yeoh EJ, Ross ME, Shurtleff SA, Williams WK, Patel D, Mahfouz R, Behm FG, Raimondi SC, Relling MV, Patel A, Cheng C, Campana D, Wilkins D, Zhou X, Li J, Liu H, Pui CH, Evans WE, Naeve C, Wong L, Downing JR. "Classification, subtype discovery, and prediction of outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by gene expression profiling." Cancer Cell. (2002) 1:133-43. | PUBMED Entry

Diagnosis & Detection : General Techniques

  • "American Cancer Society Issues Recommendation on MRI for Breast Cancer Screening." American Cancer Society (07-24-07) | Web Site Link
  • "Breast Ultrasound" Radiology Info (07-10-2007) | Web Site Link
  • "If Breast Cancer is Suspected. American Cancer Society (7-10-2007). | Web Site Link
  • "MRI Finds Breast Cancer in High-Risk Women." American Cancer Society (07-24-07) | Web Site Link
  • "MRI of the Body (Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis)." Radiology Info (accessed on 01-27-08) | Web Site Link
  • "Mammograms and Other Breast Imaging Procedures." American Cancer Society (07-10-2007) | Web Site Link
  • "Researchers Study The Benefits Of Using Ultrasound On Women With Dense Breast Tissue." American Cancer Society (07-10-2007) | Web Site Link
  • "Ultrasound- General." Radiology Info (07-10-2007) | Web Site Link
  • "Ultrasound." Breastcancer.org (07-10-2007) | Web Site Link
  • Barentsz J, Takahashi S, Oyen W, Mus R, De Mulder P, Reznek R, Oudkerk M, and Mali W. "Commonly used imaging techniques for diagnosis and staging." Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006 Jul 10;24(20):3234-44. | PUBMED Entry
  • Buchanan, C. L. et al. "Utility of Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Occult Primary Breast Cancer." Ann Surg Oncol. 2005 Dec; 12(12): 1045-53. Epub 2005 Oct 25. | PUBMED Entry
  • DG Hicks, RR Tubbs. Assessment of the HER2 status in breast cancer by fluorescence in situ hybridization: a technical review with interpretive guidelines. Human Pathology. 2005 Mar;36(3):250-61. | PUBMED Entry
  • Elmore JG et al. "Screening for Breast Cancer." JAMA (2005). 293: 1245-1256. | PUBMED Entry
  • Hartman, AR. et al. "Breast magnetic resonance image screening and ductal lavage in women at high genetic risk for breast carcinoma." Cancer. 2004 Feb 1;100(3):479-89. | PUBMED Entry
  • JF Vansteenkiste. Imaging in lung cancer: positron emission tomography scan. European Respiratory Journal. 2002; 19: Suppl. 35, 49s-60s. | PUBMED Entry
  • KA Wood, PJ Hoskin, MI Saunders. Positron Emission Tomography in Oncology: A Review. Clinical Oncology. 2007 19: 237-255. | PUBMED Entry
  • Kolb TM, et al. "Comparison of the Performance of Screening Mammography, Physical Examination, and Breast US and Evaluation of Factors that Influence Them: An Analysis of 27,825 Patient Evaluations." Radiology (2002) 225(1):165-175. | PUBMED Entry
  • Kolb TM, et al. "Occult cancer in women with dense breasts: detection with screening US-- diagnostic yield and tumor characteristics." Radiology (1998). Apr; 207(1): 191-9. | PUBMED Entry
  • Kriege, M. et. al. "Efficacy of MRI and Mammography for Breast-Cancer Screening in Women with a Familial or Genetic Predisposition." N Engl J Med. 2004 Jul 29;351(5):427-37. | PUBMED Entry
  • Lee, RF. "The Frontier of MRI Coil Development." Radiata. SpringSummer 2006. | Web Site Link
  • M Kurosumi. Immunohistochemical Assessment of Hormone Receptor Status. Using a New Scoring System (J-Score). Breast Cancer. 2007;14(2):189-93. | PUBMED Entry
  • MA Bettmann. Contrast media: safety, viscosity, and volume. European Radiology. 2005; 15 Suppl 4:D62-4. | PUBMED Entry
  • ME Phelps. Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 2002; 52: 303-338.
  • Macura, K.J. "Patterns of Enhancement on Breast MR Images: Interpretation and Imaging Pitfalls." Radiographics. 2006 Nov-Dec;26(6):1719-34; quiz 1719. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • Margolis D., MD, Hoffman J., MD, Herfkens R., MD, Jeffrey R., MD, Quon A., MD, and Gambhir S., MD, PhD . "Molecular imaging techniques in body imaging." Radiology. 2007 Nov;245(2):333-56. | PUBMED Entry
  • Nissl, J. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)." Peacehealth. 2005, June 24. | Web Site Link
  • RA Robb. X-ray computed tomography: from basic principles to applications. Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering. 1982;11:177-201. | PUBMED Entry
  • WA Kalednder. X-ray computed tomography. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 2006; 51: R29-R43. | PUBMED Entry
  • Warner, E. et. al. "Comparison of Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mammography, and Ultrasound for Surveillance of Women at High Risk for Hereditary Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2001 Aug 1; 19(15): 3524-31. | PUBMED Entry
  • Zafrani B, Aubriot MH, Mouret E, et al. High sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry for the detection of hormone receptors in breast carcinoma: comparison with biochemical determination in a prospective study of 793 cases. Histopathology. 2000; 37(6):536-45. | PUBMED Entry

Cancer by Type : Breast

  • A Agrawal, AA Ayantunde, R Rampaul, JF Robertson. Male Breast Cancer: A Review of Clinical Management. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 2007; 103: 11-21. | PUBMED Entry
  • American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2008. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2008. | Web Site Link
  • Antoniou AC, Pharoah PD, McMullan G, Day NE, Ponder BA, Easton D. "Evidence for further breast cancer susceptibility genes in addition to BRCA1 and BRCA2 in a population-based study." Genet Epidemiol (2001); 21(1):1-18 | PUBMED Entry
  • Baglan KL, Sharpe MB, Jaffray D, Frazier RC, Fayad J, Kestin LL, Remouchamps V, Martinez AA, Wong J, Vicini FA. Accelerated partial breast irradiation using 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys (2003);55(2):302-11. | PUBMED Entry
  • Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, Parise CA, Caggiano V. Descriptive analysis of Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Negative, Progesterone Receptor (PR)-Negative, and HER2-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer, the so-called Triple-Negative Phenotype. Cancer. 2007; 109:1721-1728. | PUBMED Entry
  • Brain K, Williams B, Iredale R, France L, Gray J. Psychological Distress in Men With Breast Cancer. 2006; 24: 95-101. | PUBMED Entry
  • Cancer Facts & Figures, 2006. American Cancer Society (accessed May 2006) | Web Site Link
  • Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, Dressler LG, Cowan D, Conway K, Karaca G, Troester MA, Tse CK, Edmiston S, Deming SL, Geradts J, Cheang MC, Nielsen TO, Moorman PG, Earp HS, Millikan RC. Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. JAMA. 2006; 295(21):2492-502. | PUBMED Entry
  • Chemotherapy and You: A Guide to Self-Help During Cancer Treatment. National Cancer Institute. (July 2004) | Web Site Link
  • Chen YC, Hunter DJ. "Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer." CA CancerJ CLin; 55: 45-54; 2005. | PUBMED Entry
  • Cleator S, Heller W, Coombes RC. Triple-negative breast cancer: therapeutic options. Lancet. 2007; 8: 235-44. | PUBMED Entry
  • Clemons M, Loijens L, Goss P. "Breast cancer risk following irradiation for Hodgkin's disease." Cancer Treat Rev (2000);26(4):291-302. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • Cuatrecasas M, Santamaria G, Velasco M, Camacho E, Hernandez L, Sanchez M, Orrit C, Murcia C, Cardesa A, Campo E, Fernandez PL. "ATM gene expression is associated with differentiation and angiogenesis in ingiltrating breast carcinomas." Histology and Histopathology (2006) 21:149-156 | PUBMED Entry
  • Demicheli R, Retsky MW, Hrushesky WJ, Baum M, Gukas ID, Jatoi I. Racial disparities in breast cancer outcome: insights into host-tumor interactions. Cancer. 2007; 110(9): 1880-1888. | PUBMED Entry
  • Dent R, Trudeau M, Pritchard KI, Hanna WM, Kahn HK, Sawka CA, Lickley LA, Rawlinson E, Sun P, Narod SA. Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence. Clinical Cancer Research. 2007; 13(15 Pt1): 4429-4434. | PUBMED Entry
  • Edmundson GK, Vicini FA, Chen PY, Mitchell C, Martinez AA. Dosimetric characteristics of the MammoSite RTS, a new breast brachytherapy applicator. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys (2002);52(4):1132-9. | PUBMED Entry
  • Ethier SP. Identifying and validating causal genetic alterations in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2003);78(3):285-7. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • Felton JS, Knize MG, Salmon CP, Malfatti MA, Kulp KS. "Human Exposure to Heterocyclic Amine Food Mutagens/ Carcinogens: Relevance to Breast Cancer." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis (2002) 39:112-118 | PUBMED Entry
  • Fentiman IS, Forquet A, Hortobagyi GN. Male Breast Cancer. 2006. Lancet 367(9510):595-604 | PUBMED Entry
  • France L, Michie S, Barrett-Lee P, Brain K, Harper P, Gray J. Male Cancer: A Qualitative Study of Male Breast Cancer. 2000; 9: 343-348. | PUBMED Entry
  • G Macdonald, C Paltiel, IA Olivotto, S Tyldesley. A Comparative Analysis of Radiotherapy Use and Patient Outcome in Males and Females with Breast Cancer. Annals of Oncology. 2005; 16:14421448. | PUBMED Entry
  • Ginsburg, ES. "Estrogen, alcohol and breast cancer risk." J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol (1999);69(1-6):299-306. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • Hecht SS. "Tobacco smoke carcinogens and breast cancer." Environ Mol Mutagen (2002);39(2-3):119-26. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • Hindle, William H (ed). "Breast Care: A Clinical Guidebook for Women's Primary Health Care Providers." Springer-Verlag, New York: 1999. pg 124-134.
  • Hodgson JG, Chin K, Collins C, Gray JW. Genome amplification of chromosome 20 in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2003);78(3):337-45. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • Huckell C, Laskin J, Gelmon K. "Premenopausal breast cancer after in-utero exposure to stilboestrol." Lancet (1996);348(9023):331. | PUBMED Entry
  • IS Fentiman, A Fourquet, GN Hortobagyi. Male Breast Cancer. Lancet. 2006; 367(9510): 595-604. | PUBMED Entry
  • Jarvinen TA, Liu ET. HER-2/neu and topoisomerase IIalpha in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2003); 78(3):299-311. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • Kawamorita R, Iwai K, Takeuchi Y, Kuroda D, Iguchi S, Satou K. [Usefulness of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for breast conserving radiation therapy: a three-dimensional treatment planning system comparison of irradiation methods]. Nippon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi. (2003); 59(6):751-8. Japanese. | PUBMED Entry
  • Kazusa C. [New Hope for winning the war against cancer: IMRT=Intensity-Modulated-Radiation-Therapy - Part 2 -]. Nippon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi. 2003 Jun;59(6):726-8. Review. Japanese. | PUBMED Entry
  • Keen JC, Davidson NE. "The Biology of Breast Carcinoma." Cancer (2003); 97(3 Suppl):825-33. | PUBMED Entry
  • Lambe M, Trichopoulos D, Hsieh CC, Wuu J, Adami HO, Wide L. "Ethnic differences in breast cancer risk: a possible role for pregnancy levels of alpha-fetoprotein?" Epidemiology (2003);14(1):85-9. | PUBMED Entry
  • Li CI, Malone KE, Daling JR. "Differences in breast cancer stage, treatment, and survival by race and ethnicity." Arch Intern Med(2003); 163(1):49-56. | PUBMED Entry
  • Li XH, Li H, Xiao ZJ, Piao YS. "Divergent effects of retinoic acids on the expression of ERalpha and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in endometrial carcinoma cells (RL 95-2)." J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2002);87(2):640-9. | PUBMED Entry
  • MacMahon, Brian. "Epidemiology and the causes of breast cancer." Int J Cancer(2006) 118:2373-2378 | PUBMED Entry
  • Mirick DK, Davis S, Thomas DB. "Antiperspirant use and the risk of breast cancer." J Natl Cancer Inst. (2002)94:1578-80. | PUBMED Entry
  • Mitra AK, Faruque FS and Avis AL. "Breast cancer and environmental risks: where is the link?" J Environ Health. (2004) 66:24-32. | PUBMED Entry
  • Morris GJ, Naidu S, Topham AK, Guiles F, Xu Y, McCue P, Schwartz GF, Park PK, Rosenberg AL, Brill K, Mitchell EP. Differences in breast carcinoma characteristics in newly diagnosed African-American and Caucasian patients: a single-institution compilation compared with the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Cancer. 2007; 110(4): 876-884. | PUBMED Entry
  • Nagao M, Ushijima T, Toyota M, Inoue R, Sugimura T. "Genetic changes induced by heterocyclic amines." Mutation Research (1997); 376(1-2):161-7. | PUBMED Entry
  • National Cancer Institute (July 2004) | Web Site Link
  • Newman LA, Griffith KA, Jatoi I, Simon MS, Crowe JP, Colditz GA. "Meta-analysis of survival in African American and white American patients with breast cancer: ethnicity compared with socioeconomic status." Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006); 24:1342-1349 | PUBMED Entry
  • O'Connell P. Genetic and cytogenetic analyses of breast cancer yield different perspectives of a complex disease. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2003); 78(3):347-57. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • OMIM. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome; PJS. Accessed November 2004. | Web Site Link
  • Ormandy CJ, Naylor M, Harris J, Robertson F, Horseman ND, Lindeman GJ, Visvader J, Kelly PA. Cyclin D1, EMS1 and 11q13 amplification in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2003); 78(3):323-35. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • Rao CV, Li X, Manna SK, Lei AM, Aggarwal BB. "Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Decreases Proliferation and Invasion of Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-kB and AP-1 Activation." J Biol Chem (2004), Vol. 279, Issue 24, 25503-25510. | PUBMED Entry
  • Rao, CV. "Does full-term pregnancy at a young age protect women against breast cancer through hCG?" Obstet Gynecol (2000); 96(5 Pt 1):783-6. | PUBMED Entry
  • Reddi AH, Roodman D, Freeman C, Mohla S. "Mechanisms of tumor metastasis to the bone: challenges and opportunities." J Bone Miner Res (2003);18(2):190-4. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • Reynolds P, Hurley S, Goldberg DE, Anton-Culver H, Bernstein L, Deapen D, Horn-Ross PL, Peel D, Pinder R, Ross RK, West D, Wright WE, Ziogas A. Active smoking, household passive smoking, and breast cancer: evidence from the California Teachers Study. J Natl Cancer Inst (2004);96(1):29-37. | PUBMED Entry
  • Rosenberg LU, Magnusson C, Lindstrom E, Wedren S, Hall P, Dickman PW. "Menopausal hormone therapy and other breast cancer risk factors in relation to the risk of different histological subtypes of breast cancer: a case-control study. Breast Cancer Research (2006); 8(1) R11 | PUBMED Entry
  • Ross JS, Fletcher JA, Linette GP, Stec J, Clark E, Ayers M, Symmans WF, Pusztai L, Bloom KJ. The Her-2/neu gene and protein in breast cancer 2003: biomarker and target of therapy. Oncologist (2003);8(4):307-25. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • Ross JS, Fletcher JA, Linette GP, Stec J, Clark E, Ayers M, Symmans WF, Pusztai L, Bloom KJ. "The HER-2/neu gene and protein in breast cancer 2003: biomarker and target of therapy." The Oncologist (2003); 8:307-325 | PUBMED Entry
  • SH Giordano, AU Buzdar, GN Hortobagyi. Breast Cancer in Men. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2002; 137: 678-687. | PUBMED Entry
  • Sabate JM, Gomez A, Torrubia S, Blancas C, Sanchez G, Alonso MC, Lerma E. "Evaluation of breast involvement in relation to Cowden syndrome; a radiological and clinicopathological study of patients with PTEN germ-line mutations." Eur Radiol (2006) 16:702-706 | PUBMED Entry
  • Sasa M, Bando Y, Takahashi M, Hirose T, Nagao T. Screening for basal marker expression is necessary for decision of therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer. 2007 [E-pub ahead of print]. | PUBMED Entry
  • Schrager S. and Potter BE. "Diethystilbestrol exposure." Am Fam Physician. (2004)69:2395-400.
  • Sinclair CS, Rowley M, Naderi A, Couch FJ. The 17q23 amplicon and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2003); 78(3):313-22. Review. | PUBMED Entry
  • Singletary SE. "Rating the risk factors for breast cancer." Ann Surg (2003); 237(4):474-82. | PUBMED Entry
  • Thull DL, Vogel VG. "Recognition and Management of Hereditary Breast Cancer Syndromes." The Oncologist (2004) 9:13-24 | PUBMED Entry
  • Travis LB, Hill D, Dores G, Gospodarowicz M, Leeuwen F, Holowaty E, Glimelius B Andersson M, Pukkala E, Lynch C, Pee D, Smith S, Veer M, Joensuu T, Storm H, Stovall M, Boice J, Gilbert E, Gail M. "Cumulative absolute breast cancer risk for young women treated for Hodgkin lymphoma." J of National Cancer Institute (2005) 97(19):1428-1435 | PUBMED Entry
  • Veurink M, Koster M, Berg LT. "The history of DES, lessons to be learned." Pharm World Sci (2005) 27:139-143. | PUBMED Entry
  • Warren, MP and Halpert S. "Hormone replacement therapy: controversies, pros and cons." Best Pract Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2004)18:317-32. | PUBMED Entry
  • Welch DR, Wei LL. "Genetic and epigenetic regulation of human breast cancer progression and metastasis." Endocrine-Related Cancer (1998)